Likewise, farm laborers were ineligible for unemployment insurance. Agricultural workers (who were likely to be African Americans or Mexican Americans of both sexes) and domestic servants (often African American women) were not eligible for old-age insurance. Moreover, the programs and benefits of the Social Security Act were not distributed evenly among all Americans.
The Social Security Act financed its programs through deductions from workers' paychecks, which actually stunted economic growth by muting consumer purchasing power. Subsequent amendments to the original act added many benefits, including survivor benefits if a covered worker died prematurely, disability coverage and medical benefits. Taken together, these programs represented a significant commitment to developing a welfare state in the United States. The act that Roosevelt signed included programs such as Old Age Assistance (Title I), Old Age Insurance (Title II), Unemployment Insurance (Title III), Aid to Dependent Children (Title IV), Grants for Maternal and Child Welfare (Title V) and Aid to the Blind (Title X). The Commission formally presented its recommendations to the President in January 1935. Its recommendations were to serve as the basis for legislation to be considered by Congress. It then proposed a social security program that could help people who were retired, disabled, widowed, or unemployed. In June 1934, President Roosevelt had created the Commission on Economic Security, which studied economic security, social insurance, and long-term relief programs. With high rates of poverty among the elderly, many people felt the government needed to do something to protect its citizens. On August 14, 1935, President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, which established a Social Security Board to coordinate the payment of old-age benefits to Americans over the age of 65.Īfter the crash of the stock market in 1929, the United States sunk into the Great Depression.
The act guarantees pensions to Americans over the age of 65, establishes a system of unemployment insurance, and assists states in aiding dependent children, the blind, and the aged who do not already qualify for Social Security. FDR signs the Social Security Act, which establishes the Social Security Board (SSB), one of the most far-reaching pieces of legislation in the country's history.
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